More than 20,000 sailors on about 2,000 ships have been stranded in the Persian Gulf bordering Iran to the north, unable to safely pass through the narrow waterway since the conflict began with US-Israeli bombing of Iran in late February.
Arsenio Dominguez, Secretary General of IMO speak to united nations news Before an important meeting regarding maritime security security council On Monday.
UN News: What is maritime security?
Arsenio Dominguez: Maritime security involves the protection of ships, ports, seafarers and maritime infrastructure from any type of security threats such as piracy, terrorism and cyber attacks.
A sailor works on a ship at sea.
For littoral states, it also includes a wide range of illegal activities that may involve sea, ships, ports or shores, including arms and drug trafficking, wildlife trafficking, crude oil theft, human trafficking and smuggling, and illegal dumping of toxic waste.
UN News: Why is maritime security so important?
Arsenio Dominguez: maritime security is necessary because It protects global trade, ensures the safety of seafarers and keeps supply chains running.. Without marine protection, marine development grinds to a halt – and without marine development, sustainable development becomes impossible.
UN News: What does the current crisis in the Strait of Hormuz tell us about the danger to shipping and seafarers in conflict situations?
Arsenio Dominguez: This shows that ships and crews face extreme risks in conflict zones, which often become leverage in geopolitical disputes.
commercial shipping is unfairly targetedDetained, or attacked, highlights how fragile freedom of navigation can be.
UN News: What mechanisms can realistically protect seafarers caught in geopolitical conflicts?
Arsenio Dominguez: Sharing information is important. Misinformation and disinformation can make risk-based travel planning extremely challenging.
Ship operators and companies Must ensure that risk assessment is carried out Before traveling to or into a conflict zone.
Global supply chains could be disrupted if ships do not have freedom of navigation.
Diplomacy and conflict minimization are essential, while the issue of naval escorts is limited. Naval escorts are never a permanent solution.
UN News: How have threats to maritime security evolved over the past few years?
Arsenio Dominguez: looking back maritime security Historically, the hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro in October 1985 was a significant terrorist act.
The events of September 11 (2001) in the United States raised questions about the vulnerability of ships and, in particular, the possibility of using shipping as a carrier of terrorist activity.
Arsenio Dominguez, Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
Incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships were first highlighted in the IMO in the late 1980s, with an increase in incidents reported in Asia.
With the rise of Somalia-based piracy in the early 2010s, attention turned to maritime piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Aden and the wider western Indian Ocean, as well as the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa.
The need for collaboration, capacity building and information sharing is more important than ever.
UN News: What are the new emerging challenges and how vulnerable is the shipping industry?
Arsenio Dominguez: There are many new challenges including cyber attacks On navigation, cargo systems and port operations vandalism Drone attacks on undersea cables, pipelines and port infrastructure, ships and related vulnerabilities autonomous ship.
The increasing sophistication by criminals operating in the supply chain is presenting unique challenges to the global maritime trade environment.
UN News: To what extent is the security of ships and seafarers becoming more challenging?
Arsenio Dominguez: Recently, international shipping and seafarers have become embroiled in geopolitical conflicts that are not their responsibility.
Ships of different flags and sailors of many different nationalities have been captured.
Ships have been subject to unmanned aerial and surface projectiles. These are civilian merchant ships that do not have the ability to defend themselves against these attacks.
Civilian sailors are not combatants and should never be targeted.
UN News: What are other potential maritime chokepoints globally that could become vulnerable in times of conflict?
Arsenio Dominguez: Major global waterways for international shipping include:
- Suez Canal
- Bab el-Mandeb Strait
- strait of hormuz
- Malacca and Singapore Straits
- Istanbul Strait, Canakkale Strait and Sea of Marmara
- Panama Canal
Any disruption in these areas would have major global consequences for trade and food security for populations around the world.
UN News: What role is the United Nations playing?
Arsenio Dominguez: IMO works with international partners to help states build their capacity to prepare for, respond to, and respond to security threats.
This work focuses on meaningful implementation of relevant IMO safeguards instruments, effective information sharing, regional cooperation/coordination and legal/legislative reforms (e.g. national laws to prosecute criminal acts).
Generally, the IMO works to promote freedom of navigation through international law (UNCLOS), facilitating diplomatic responses to maritime crises, advocating for seafarer safety and humanitarian security, and supporting maritime capacity-building for vulnerable states.
