China has sent an “artificial human embryo” into space in a first-of-its-kind experiment that aims to study how microgravity affects human reproduction and pave the way for the development of future “space babies”.
With this achievement, China has also become the first country to conduct such a historic experiment. If it proves successful, its implications could be huge as Beijing is also considering establishing self-sustaining colonies on the Moon and Mars.
According to state officials, these embryo-like structures are made from living human stem cells. They were sent into orbit as part of the Tianzhou-10 resupply mission and arrived at the Tiangong Space Station in the early hours of 11 May.
The experiment, conducted by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, aims to explore the effects of microgravity on early human embryonic development.
“This is not a real human embryo and does not have the potential to develop into a person,” said Leqian Yu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Zoology who is leading the experiment.
“However, it may serve as a model for the study of early human evolution.”
During the experimental phase, researchers will study two different types of embryo stages. The first step consists of a pre-implantation model that resembles the wall of the uterus where the embryos attach themselves.
The second phase involves the peri-gastrulation model, which mimics the process where cells reorganize into tissue and organ layers.
For a stronger comparison, researchers have also grown and frozen similar artificial embryos on Earth as a control group.
“We hope that by comparing the development of space and ground samples, we can identify factors influencing early human embryonic development in the space environment, and address the risks and challenges facing humans during long-term space habitation,” Yu said.
The idea of making human reproduction possible in space is not new. This concept is gaining momentum as tech giants and companies like Elon Musk are looking to expand human civilization beyond Earth.
In March, scientists at the University of Adelaide tested human and rat sperm in simulated space conditions to find out whether sperm would struggle to “navigate” during sex in space.
According to the findings, published in the journal Communications Biology, some sperm showed resilience in overcoming challenging conditions, raising hopes of conceiving children in space.
But the study also faced significant challenges, with a 30 percent drop in the successful fertilization rate. Because without Earth’s gravity, the quality of embryo development began to decline.
The study showed that successful reproduction on the Moon or Mars would require protecting embryos from weightlessness during the “critical first hours”.
