The issue is being examined as delegates gather at UN headquarters this week to tackle the global spread of illegal firearms – weapons that continue to fuel violence in communities long after wars end.
in the center of discussion Experts warn that emerging technologies could make these illegal weapons easier to manufacture and harder to trace.
“Wars end – but unfortunately, the weapons used in that particular conflict will (then) not be under complete control,Izumi Nakamitsu, the top UN disarmament official, told united nations news.
“They keep circulating. They’re sometimes hidden. They’re brought across borders.”
‘Ghost Guns’ and 3D Firearms
One of the fastest growing concerns involves the so-called Ghost guns – firearms assembled from parts or kits and lacking serial numbers. – Which is almost impossible for the authorities to trace.
moves forward in 3D-printing technology has created additional challenges By allowing components – and in some cases entire and fully operational firearms – to be produced outside traditional manufacturing and regulatory systems.
The increasing availability and affordability of such technology has raised concerns among governments that illegal firearms may become easier to make and harder to regulate.
“Those weapons or weapon parts, if they are disassembled and then smuggled, are more difficult to trace,” Ms Nakamitsu said.
What are small arms and light weapons?
guns – such as pistols, revolvers and assault rifles – can be carried and operated by a single person. light weapons This includes systems such as grenade launchers, machine guns, and portable anti-aircraft or anti-tank weapons that can be operated by a small crew.
Because they are relatively cheap, durable, and easy to use, these weapons can remain in circulation for decades.
Ammunition is also an important part of the challenge. Even when weapons are already circulating illegally, continued access to ammunition can prolong their use in conflict, crime and terrorism.
When wars end, guns remain
An often cited example One example is Libya, where weapons were looted or taken during and after the 2011 conflict that toppled Muammar Gaddafi’s regime, which later spilled over into the wider Sahel region.Which includes Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria.
Some were later found in the hands of extremist groups, showing how weapons from a conflict can destabilize neighboring countries years later.
“The end of the conflict does not mean the end of the circulation of those weapons… it persists and it continues to harm people,” Ms Nakamitsu said.
Firearms seized by officials during border checks. (file)
from crime to conflict
The impact varies by region but is widespread.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, illegal firearms are deeply linked to organized crime and some of the highest murder rates in the world.. According to UN EstimateFirearms account for between 70 and 80 percent of violent deaths in some parts of the region.
In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, small arms proliferation could undermine peacebuilding efforts After a long time the fighting subsides. Weapons held by armed groups, militias or communities for self-defense may contribute to renewed violence and instability.
beyond security concerns
Its consequences also extend far beyond the conflicts.
Illegal weapons are linked to human rights abusesterrorism, and sexual and gender-based violence.
“This is not just a security issue. It’s also about peacebuilding. It’s also about human rights. It’s also about development,” Ms Nakamitsu said.
UN response
Recognizing the dangers posed by small arms and light weapons, the Member States of the United Nations adopted a Action Program in 2001Committed to strengthening national legislation, improving stockpile protection, combating illicit trafficking, and expanding international cooperation.
A major milestone was achieved in 2005 with the adoption of International Tracing ToolWhich established global standards for marking, recording and tracing illegal weapons.
This framework helps investigators identify where illegal weapons originated and how they entered illicit markets, while reducing the risk of diversion from legal stockpiles.
The United Nations supports implementation through technical assistance, policy guidance and capacity-building programs aimed at helping governments secure weapons stockpiles, improve tracing systems, and strengthen border controls.
why it matters
East Secretary-General Kofi Annan famously said that small arms could be the real weapon of the world.weapons of mass destruction“ Because they cause a large number of deaths and injuries.
The challenge is ultimately about much more than lethal weapons. It is about reducing violence, protecting communities and preventing conflict from re-igniting.
Ms Nakamitsu said reducing the prevalence of illegal firearms would benefit communities everywhere.
“This is a real issue for many people. We want proper control and regulation of small arms in all societies. This will definitely make everyone’s life safe and secure.“
