The supply chains of critical minerals such as antimony have emerged as important economic and infrastructure policy issues in recent years.
The antimony supply chain in particular has attracted considerable attention as China has imposed export controls on its antimony through 2024, banning any exports to the US.
of antimony primary use in the production of fire retardant materials, which represents about 45 percent of global demand. It can also be found in the production of semiconductors, polymers, and throughout the defense sector, especially the manufacturing of ammunition.
Despite its importance, antimony is not commonly produced as a primary product, and is instead produced largely as a byproduct of gold, silver, lead, and copper mining in stibnite deposits.
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) 2026, global antimony production is expected to reach 110,000 metric tons in 2025. mineral commodity summaryWhich represents a significant decline from only 153,000 metric tons five years ago.
Most of the production of antimony comes from countries in Asia, with China leading in terms of mining production and total reserves.
Meanwhile, production from western countries remains minimal. Concerns about Western supply chain security over the past decade have prompted countries such as United States of AmericaCanada and Australia will include antimony as part of their new critical minerals strategies.
While production data was withheld by the USGS, a US antimony mine in Montana entered production last year, breaking the country’s decades-long run without domestic antimony production. The country is also home to Perpetua Resources’ (TSX:PPTA,NASDAQ:PPTA) Stibnite gold-antimony project in Idaho, which has received significant government support.
Canada’s only antimony mine, Beaver Brook in Newfoundland and Labrador Inactive since 2023. Projects with a significant focus on antimony production in Canada include CanaGold Resources’ (TSX:CCM,OTCQB:CRCUF) New Polaris project in British Columbia and Antimony Resources’ (CSE:ATMY) Bald Hill project in New Brunswick.
So which countries are the world’s top antimony miners and which countries have the top antimony reserves? According to the latest USGS, the top seven antimony countries by production will mine more than 1,000 metric tons of the precious metal in 2025. 2026 Mineral Commodity Summary. Know about the countries and their antimony mines below.
1. China
Antimony Production: 40,000 metric tons
Antimony reserves: 830,000 metric tons
China is the top producer of antimony in the world and is expected to produce 40,000 metric tons in 2025, equal to last year’s production. Last year, the share of the country’s production in global antimony production was 36 percent. Besides being the world’s top producer, China holds the world’s largest antimony reserves at 830,000 metric tons.
China’s antimony production levels declined steadily for more than a decade before stabilizing over the past several years.
country in 2012 Production 145,000 metric tons of antimony, which accounted for 83 percent of global production that year. By 2018, this had dropped to less than 90,000 metric tons, or 61 percent, as operations were reduced or closed as governments imposed stricter environmental standards. According to USGS. China’s antimony production in 2022 had fallen The current level is only 40,000 metric tons per year.
The country is home to the world’s largest known antimony reserves at the Zikuangshan mine in China’s Hunan province. The adjacent mine Hsikwangshan is operated by Twinkling Star and produces approximately 30,000 metric tons of refined antimony per year.
In 2024, the Chinese government imposed export restrictions except for antimony shipments to the US. The move resulted in a sharp rise in antimony prices and created fears for Western countries over supply chain security due to the metal’s role in the defense industry.
2. Russia
Antimony Production: 32,000 metric tons
Surma RReserved: 350,000 metric tons
In 2025, Russia is projected to produce 32,000 metric tons of antimony, 8,000 metric tons less than it produced in 2024.
The country has seen considerable growth in production since 2010. Production Only 3,000 metric tons of metal, is increasing Up to 30,000 metric tons by 2018. Since then, Russian production has remained in the 30,000 to 40,000 metric ton range.
Most of Russian antimony production comes from The Sarilakh-Surma and Sentachan deposits in the Sakha Republic, of which Geopromining is the main operator.
Other major producers in Russia include Novogarsky mining at the Udarskoye deposit in Krasnoyarsk and Polyus at the Olympiada gold mine, which produces antimony as a by-product.
Like other commodities, Russian antimony has also been subject to restrictions Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, movement of metal out of the country was banned. However, several reports have documented companies working deadlocked restrictions.
In terms of reserves, Russia was second only to China with 350,000 metric tons of antimony.
3. Tajikistan
Antimony Production: 22,000 metric tons
Surma RReserved: 60,000 metric tons
In 2025, Tajikistan is projected to produce about one-fifth of global antimony production, the equivalent of 22,000 metric tons the previous year.
Like Russia, Tajikistan has seen considerable growth in antimony production, increasing from just 2,000 metric tons in 2010 to as high 28,000 metric tons in 2020.
According to the USGS, Tajikistan’s antimony reserves total 60,000 metric tons. The country’s antimony reserves are found in the Dzhietun and Konchok mineral fields in the north of Tajikistan. Mining from the Dzheitun field is carried out at the Enzob Mining and Processing Plant, Owner US-based Comsup Commodities.
The company Talco Gold is currently build a plant With a processing capacity of 20,000 metric tons of ore per year, the resulting antimony production is planned for export markets.
Although its production may be higher, Tajikistan has proven economic antimony reserves of only 60,000 metric tons.
4. Bolivia
Antimony Production: 5,000 metric tons
Surma RReserved: 310,000 metric tons
Bolivia’s antimony production totaled 5,000 metric tons in 2025. While the country’s production is significantly lower than the top three producing countries on our list, Bolivia has the third largest reserves at 310,000 metric tons.
In recent years, Bolivia has emerged as a major supplier of antimony to Western markets as they diversify from Chinese supplies.
In January 2026, United States Antimony (NYSEAMERICAN:UAMY) disclosed its participation in the funding and development hydrometallurgical Antimony processing facility in Bolivia, which increased production at the site by 15 times. Antimony produced at the facility will be shipped to the company’s Thompson Falls smelter in Montana, US, with shipments reportedly starting early this year.
Other emerging projects in Bolivia include cleantech Vanadium Mining’s (TSXV:CTV,OTCQB:CTVFF) El Triunfo gold-silver-zinc project; There is a possibility of antimony at the site with some drill results Showing grades up to 1 percent.
5. Myanmar (Burma)
Antimony Production: 4,500 metric tons
Surma RReserved: 140,000 metric tons
In 2025, Myanmar’s antimony production is expected to total 4,500 metric tons, equal to the previous year’s mine production. Production peaked at 6,000 metric tons in 2019, then fell to just 2,200 metric tons in 2020.
Despite the fact that the country is a coup d’état And due to significant civil unrest in 2021, antimony production from Myanmar reached 4,000 MT and has since remained relatively stable in the range of 4,000 to 4,500 MT.
Primary antimony is produced at the Bu Mine operated by Tha Bu Mining Company in Kayin State.
Additionally, Myanmar has substantial reserves of 140,000 metric tons.
US government refers to the country as burmaWhich means its mining data can be found under that name in USGS reports.
6. Turkey
Antimony Production: 3,000 metric tons
Surma RReserved: 99,000 metric tons
Türkiye’s antimony production has fluctuated over the past decade. In 2025, the country is projected to produce 3,000 metric tons of antimony, up from 2,000 metric tons produced in 2020, but down from 4,500 metric tons in 2015.
About a third of the country’s total production comes from the Halikoy mine, owned by Eti Bakir, which produces about 1,100 metric tons of antimony annually.
Another major Turkish mining company is Lapoteknik, which operates mines in the Kütahya and Balıkesir provinces, where it produces antimony ingots and trisulfides. This downstream processing capability allows Turkey to supply antimony metal and chemicals to Western countries without its own processing infrastructure.
Turkey also has reserves of 99,000 metric tons.
7. Australia
Antimony Production: 1,300 metric tons
Surma RReserved: 110,000 metric tons
Australia projects to produce 1,300 metric tons of antimony in 2025, up slightly from 1,270 metric tons in 2024. However, the country’s production last year shows a significant decline from 2020, when it produced 2,000 metric tons of antimony.
The Australian Government recognizes the importance of developing domestic supply chains for critical minerals such as antimony and, in January 2026, announced an investment of AU$1.2 billion to create one. important mineral reserves.
According to a 2019 report geology australiaThe bulk of the country’s antimony production is concentrated at the Costerfield gold-antimony mine in Victoria, which produced 763 metric tonnes of antimony in 2025. The operation is owned by Alcan Resources (ASX:ALK,TSX:ALK,OTCQX:ALKEF) following a merger with Mandalay Resources in mid-2025.
Given the relationship of antimony with gold and Australia’s position as a top gold producing country, it can be expected that Australia will produce more of the important mineral. Since Australia has 110,000 metric tons of antimony reserves, it has enough room to increase production.
In terms of future development, Australia is home to several exploration and development projects, including Larvoto Resources’ (ASX:LRV, OTCPL:LRVTF) Hillgrove project. This site, based in New South Wales, is hosted by A proven and probable mineral reserve estimate 35,800 metric tons of antimony.
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Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, do not have any direct investment interest in any of the companies mentioned in this article.
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